Articles

5-Fluorouracil

• Topical 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of plantar warts: a prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical study.
• Treatment of verruca plantaris with a combination of topical fluorouracil and salicylic acid.

ABHR

• Lorazepam, diphenhydramine, and haloperidol transdermal gel for rescue from chemotherapy- induced nausea/vomiting: results of two pilot trials.
• Oral combination antiemetics in patients with small cell lung cancer receiving cisplatin or cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin.
• Tolerability of the compound ABHR in hospice patients.

Acetaminophen/Codeine

• Comparison of oral versus rectal administration of acetaminophen with codeine in postoperative pediatric adenotonsillectomy patients.

Acetic acid

• Management of heel pain syndrome with acetic acid iontophoresis.

Aluminum chloride

• Treatment of primary hyperhidrosis.

Amikacin

• Aerosol performance of large respirable particles of amikacin sulfate produced by spray and freeze drying techniques.
• In vitro effect of chlorhexidine and amikacin on oral gram-negative bacilli from bone marrow transplant recipients.

Amitriptyline

• A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a topical treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: NCCTG trial N06CA.
• A pilot study examining topical amitriptyline, ketamine, and a combination of both in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
• Combination gel of 1% amitriptyline and 0.5% ketamine to treat refractory erythromelalgia pain: a new treatment option?
• Effective use of topical amitriptyline hydrochloride 2.5% and ketamine hydrochloride 0.5% for analgesia in refractory proctodynia.
• Evaluation of the effect of locally administered amitriptyline gel as adjunct to local anesthetics in irreversible pulpitis pain.
• Peripheral antinociceptive actions of desipramine and fluoxetine in an inflammatory and neuropathic pain test in the rat.
• Topical amitriptyline and ketamine in neuropathic pain syndromes: an open-label study.
• Topical amitriptyline and ketamine in neuropathic pain syndromes: an open-label study.
• Topical amitriptyline combined with ketamine for the treatment of erythromelalgia: a retrospective study of 36 patients at MayClinic.
• Topical amitriptyline combined with topical ketamine for the management of recalcitrant localized pruritus: a retrospective pilot study.
• Topical amitriptyline in healthy volunteers.
• Topical amitriptyline, ketamine, and lidocaine in neuropathic pain caused by radiation skin reaction: a pilot study.
• Topical amitriptyline-ketamine for the treatment of brachioradial pruritus.
• Topical amitriptyline-ketamine for treatment of rectal, genital, and perineal pain and discomfort.
• Use of transdermal amitriptyline gel in a patient with chronic pain and depression.

Amphotericin

• A case series of the management of symptomatic azole-resistant candida (vaginal gel).
• A meta-analysis of topical amphotericin B for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.
• A targeted peritransplant antifungal strategy for the prevention of invasive fungal disease after lung transplantation: a sequential cohort analysis.
• Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy.
• Antibiotic prophylaxis of respiratory tract infection in mechanically ventilated patients. A prospective, blinded, randomized trial of the effect of a novel regimen.
• Association of topical amphotericin B lipid complex treatment to standard therapy for rhinomaxillary mucormycosis after liver transplantation: a case report.
• Colonization in patients receiving and not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis.
• Effects of topical antimicrobial agents on the human neutrophil respiratory burst.
• Efficacious treatment of non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis with topical amphotericin B.
• Otic administration of amphotericin B 0.25% in sterile water.
• Prevention of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: use of an antimicrobial pharyngeal nonabsorbable paste.
• Prophylactic application of nebulized liposomal amphotericin B in hematologic patients with neutropenia.
• Topical amphotericin B and subconjunctival injection of fluconazole (combination therapy) versus topical amphotericin B (monotherapy) in treatment of keratomycosis.
• Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (fungus ball type, mural thickness type).
• Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with intranasal amphotericin B: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial.
• Use of nebulized amphotericin B in the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis.

Azelaic acid

• Modern approach to topical treatment of aging skin.

Azithromycin

• Azithromycin inhibits mucus hypersecretion from airway epithelial cells.
• Inhaled azithromycin therapy.

Aztreonam

• Efficacy and safety of inhaled aztreonam lysine for airway pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis.

Baclofen

• A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a topical treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: NCCTG trial N06CA.
• Effects of topical baclofen on C fibre-evoked neuronal activity in the rat dorsal horn.
• Novel Vesicular Approach For Topical Delivery of Baclofen Via Niosomes.
• Permeation and systemic absorption of R- and S-baclofen across the nasal mucosa.

Benzoyl Peroxide

• Utility of topical benzoyl peroxide for prevention of surgical skin wound infection.
• [Benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of decubitus ulcers].

Betahistine

• A review of medical treatment for Ménière's disease.
• Betahistine dihydrochloride in the treatment of peripheral vestibular vertigo.
• Betahistine in the treatment of vertigo. History and clinical implications of recent pharmacological researches.
• Betahistine increases vestibular blood flow.
• Treatment of acute vestibular vertigo.

Betamethasone

• Local steroid treatment of allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract].
• Other anti-inflammatory uses of intranasal corticosteroids in upper respiratory inflammatory diseases.
• Structure-activity relationships of topically active steroids: the selection of fluticasone propionate.

Bifonazole

• Fungal nail infections: diagnosis and management.

Boric acid

• Antifungal agents vs. boric acid for treating chronic mycotic vulvovaginitis.
• Prevalence of Candida glabrata and its response to boric acid vaginal suppositories in comparison with oral fluconazole in patients with diabetes and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
• Prolonged (3-month) mycological cure rate after boric acid suppositories in diabetic women with vulvovaginal candidiasis.
• Treatment of Torulopsis glabrata vaginitis: retrospective review of boric acid therapy.
• Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with boric acid powder.

Budesonide

• Budesonide foam versus budesonide enema in active ulcerative proctitis and proctosigmoiditis.
• Effect of budesonide enema on remission and relapse rate in distal ulcerative colitis and proctitis.
• Oral viscous budesonide: a potential new therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children.
• Topical viscous budesonide suspension for treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Bupivicaine

• Topical bupivacaine compared to lidocaine with epinephrine for post-tonsillectomy pain relief in children: a randomized controlled study.

Buprenorphine

• Buprenorphine 5, 10 and 20??g/h transdermal patch: a review of its use in the management of chronic non-malignant pain.
• Clinical update on the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine.
• Efficacy and safety of buprenorphine transdermal system (BTDS) for chronic moderate to severe low back pain: a randomized, double-blind study.
• Efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 289 patients with severe cancer pain.
• Is there a ceiling effect of transdermal buprenorphine? Preliminary data in cancer patients.
• Transdermal buprenorphine plus oral paracetamol vs an oral codeine-paracetamol combination for osteoarthritis of hip and/or knee: a randomised trial.

Butenafine

• Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream.

Butorphanol

• Bioavailability of intranasal butorphanol administered from a single-dose sprayer.
• Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate administered from single-dose intranasal sprayer.
• The efficacy and safety of transnasal butorphanol for postoperative pain control following lower laparoscopic surgery.

Cantharidin

• Cantharidin revisited: a blistering defense of an ancient medicine.
• Childhood molluscum contagiosum: experience with cantharidin therapy in 300 patients.

Capsaicin

• Intranasal capsaicin reduces nasal hyperreactivity in idiopathic rhinitis: a double-blind randomized application regimen study.
• Intranasal Capsicum spray in idiopathic rhinitis: a randomized prospective application regimen trial.
• The long-term effects of capsaicin aqueous spray on the nasal mucosa.
• Topical application of doxepin hydrochloride, capsaicin and a combination of both produces analgesia in chronic human neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Carbamazepine

• Bioavailability of rectally administered carbamazepine mixture.
• Carbamazepine uptake into rat brain following intra-olfactory transport.
• Design and in vitro evaluation of a novel vaginal drug delivery system based on gelucire.
• Nasal administration of carbamazepine using chitosan microspheres: in vitro/in vivo studies.
• Rectal administration of carbamazepine gel.
• Rectal administration of carbamazepine suspension.
• Rectal doxepin and carbamazepine therapy in patients with cancer.
• Thermally reversible in situ gelling carbamazepine liquid suppository.

Caspofungin

• Alternaria keratitis: clinical presentation and resolution with topical fluconazole or intrastromal voriconazole and topical caspofungin.
• Penetration of topically administered 0.5-percent caspofungin eye drops into human aqueous humor.
• Stability of extemporaneously prepared 0.5-percent caspofungin eye drops: a potential cost-savings exercise.
• Suitability of caspofungin for aerosol delivery: physicochemical profiling and nebulizer choice.

Cefazolin

• Pharmacokinetics of topical and intravenous cefazolin in patients with clean surgical wounds.

Cefotaxime

• Delivery of cefotaxime to the brain via intranasal administration.
• Effect of the topical application of some newer antibiotics on the cerebral cortex.
• Topical use of antibiotics for paranasal sinusitis.

Ceftazidime

• Nebulized ceftazidime in experimental pneumonia caused by partially resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Celecoxib

• Development and evaluation of transdermal patches of celecoxib.
• In vitro characterization of chitosan gels for buccal delivery of celecoxib: influence of a penetration enhancer.
• Preparation and evaluation of celecoxib transdermal patches.
• Preparation, charactarization and anti-inflammatory activity of celecoxib chitosan gel formulations.
• Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of transdermal matrix films of celecoxib.
• Reduction of scar formation in full-thickness wounds with topical celecoxib treatment.

Cholestyramine

• Cholestyramine ointment in the treatment of perianal skin irritation following ileoanal anastomosis.
• Cholestyramine ointment to treat buttocks rash and anal excoriation in an infant.

Ciclopirox

• Fungal nail infections: diagnosis and management.
• The use of 40% urea cream in the treatment of moccasin tinea pedis.

Ciprofloxacin

• Formulation and in vitro evaluation of ciprofloxacin containing niosomes for pulmonary delivery.
• Inhaled antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infections: focus on ciprofloxacin.
• Spray-freeze-dried liposomal ciprofloxacin powder for inhaled aerosol drug delivery.
• Topical ciprofloxacin is superior to topical saline and systemic antibiotics in the treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea in children: the results of a randomized clinical trial.
• Topical steroid drops for the treatment of sinus ostia stenosis in the postoperative period.

Clarithromycin

• Aerosol-based efficient delivery of clarithromycin, a macrolide antimicrobial agent, to lung epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages for treatment of respiratory infections.
• Beneficial effect of antibiotics on ciliary beat frequency of human nasal epithelial cells exposed to bacterial toxins.
• Physicochemical and anti-bacterial performance characterization of clarithromycin nanoparticles as colloidal drug delivery system.

Clindamycin

• Antibiotic treatment of acne may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections.
• Efficacy of the addition of salicylic acid to clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide combination for acne vulgaris.
• Improvement of cystic fibrosis during treatment with isotretinoin.
• The effects of topical oral clindamycin antibiotic rinses on the bacterial content of saliva on healthy human subjects.
• The use of topical oral antibiotics in head and neck prophylaxis: is it justified?
• Topical nicotinamide compared with clindamycin gel in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris.

Clobetasol

• Oral and topical L-phenylalanine, clobetasol propionate, and UVA/sunlight--a new study for the treatment of vitiligo.
• Palliative treatment of fingernail lichen planus.
• Topical clobetasol propionate in the treatment of psoriasis: a review of newer formulations.

Clonazepam

• Intranasal delivery of antiepileptic medications for treatment of seizures.
• Topical clonazepam in stomatodynia: a randomised placebo-controlled study.

Clonidine

• Topical Gel to Treat Diabetic Neuropathy Proves Successful in Phase 2.

Clotrimazole

• Comparison of efficacy of fluconazole mouthrinse and clotrimazole mouthpaint in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
• Efficacy of topical antifungals in the treatment of dermatophytosis: a mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis involving 14 treatments.
• Formulation and in vitro evaluation of clotrimazole gel containing almond oil and tween 80 as penetration enhancer for topical application.
• Repeated rhinoscopic and serologic assessment of the effectiveness of intranasally administered clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs.

Colistimethate

• A closer look at aerosolized colistin.
• Aerosolized colistin as adjunctive treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a prospective study.
• Aerosolized plus intravenous colistin versus intravenous colistin alone for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a matched case-control study.
• Benefits of aerosolized colistin for ventilator-associated pneumonia: absence of proof versus proof of absence?
• Colistin administration to pediatric and neonatal patients.
• Comparative efficacy of twdoses of nebulized colistimethate in the eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis.
• Dry powder inhalation of colistin in cystic fibrosis patients: a single dose pilot study.
• Effect of long-term nebulized colistin on lung function and quality of life in patients with chronic bronchial sepsis.
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to high-dose colistin aerosol therapy.
• Induced tolerance to nebulized colistin after severe reaction to the drug.
• Inhaled anti-infective agents: emphasis on colistin.
• Inhaled colistin as adjunctive therapy to intravenous colistin for the treatment of microbiologically documented ventilator-associated pneumonia: a comparative cohort study.
• Inhaled colistin for the treatment of tracheobronchitis and pneumonia in critically ill children without cystic fibrosis.
• Monotherapy with inhaled colistin for the treatment of patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis due to polymyxin-only-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria.
• Nebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study.
• Pharmacokinetics of inhaled colistin in patients with cystic fibrosis.
• Post-neurosurgical multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis successfully treated with intrathecal colistin. A new case and a systematic review of the literature.
• Randomized controlled trial of nebulized colistimethate sodium as adjunctive therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
• Retrospective study on the efficacy of colistin by inhalation as compared to parenteral administration for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia associated with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Treatment of recurrent Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ventilator-associated pneumonia with doxycycline and aerosolized colistin.

Cortisone

• Promotion of second intention wound healing by emu oil lotion: comparative results with furasin, polysporin, and cortisone.

Cyclobenzaprine

• Gel relieves arthritis pain.
• Pharmacological approaches other than opioids in chronic non-cancer pain management.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

• Modern approach to topical treatment of aging skin.

Dexamethasone

• Aerosols in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Corticosteroids in the management of upper respiratory allergy: the emerging role of steroid nasal sprays.
• Double-blind study of clinical and functional respiratory effects of dexamethasone isonicotinate aerosol.
• Local application of corticosteroids in aimed treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
• Modern aerosols in the treatment of obstructive respiratory tract diseases.
• Relative importance of antibiotic and improved clearance in topical treatment of chronic mucopurulent rhinosinusitis. A controlled study.
• Temporomandibular joint iontophoresis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
• Treatment of plantar fasciitis by iontophoresis of 0.4% dexamethasone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
• Whole-body plethysmography studies on the effect of various inhalable corticosteroids in obstructive respiratory tract diseases.

Dextromethorphan

• Efficacy and safety of dextromethorphan/quinidine at twdosage levels for diabetic neuropathic pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.

Diazepam

• Intranasal delivery of antiepileptic medications for treatment of seizures.

Diclofenac

• A comparative subjective assessment study of PENNSAID and Voltaren Gel, twtopical formulations of diclofenac sodium.
• A long-term, open-label study to confirm the safety of topical diclofenac solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of the osteoarthritic knee.
• A new topical formulation enhances relative diclofenac bioavailability in healthy male subjects.
• An open-label, long-term safety and tolerability trial of diclofenac sodium 1% gel in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
• Analgesic efficacy and safety of the diclofenac epolamine topical patch 1.3% (DETP) in minor soft tissue injury.
• Comparative In Vitro Transmucosal Permeation of Three Proprietary Diclofenac Gels.
• Diclofenac epolamine (Flector) patch: evidence for topical activity.
• Diclofenac epolamine plus heparin plaster versus diclofenac epolamine plaster in mild to moderate ankle sprain: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre
• Diclofenac sodium topical solution 1.5% w/w with dimethyl sulfoxide compared with placebfor the treatment of osteoarthritis: pooled safety results.
• Efficacy and safety of topical diclofenac containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) compared with those of topical placebo, DMSvehicle and oral diclofenac for knee osteoarthritis.
• Gastrointestinal tolerability of diclofenac epolamine topical patch 1.3%: a pooled analysis of 14 clinical studies.
• Randomized clinical comparisons of diclofenac concentration in the soft tissues and blood plasma between topical and oral applications.
• Randomized controlled trial of diclofenac sodium gel in knee osteoarthritis.
• Review of the efficacy and tolerability of the diclofenac epolamine topical patch 1.3% in patients with acute pain due to soft tissue injuries.
• Review of the pharmaceutical properties and clinical effects of the topical NSAID formulation, diclofenac epolamine.
• Safety and efficacy of topical diclofenac sodium gel for knee osteoarthritis in elderly and younger patients: pooled data from three randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre trials.
• Safety profile of topical diclofenac: a meta-analysis of blinded, randomized, controlled trials in musculoskeletal conditions.
• Systemic bioavailability of topical diclofenac sodium gel 1% versus oral diclofenac sodium in healthy volunteers.
• The efficacy and safety of low-dose diclofenac sodium 0.1% gel for the symptomatic relief of pain and erythema associated with superficial natural sunburn.
• Tolerability of Topical Diclofenac Sodium 1% Gel for Osteoarthritis in Seniors and Patients With Comorbidities.
• Topical diclofenac epolamine patch 1.3% for treatment of acute pain caused by soft tissue injury.
• Topical diclofenac solution.
• Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: The Importance of Drug, Delivery, and Therapeutic Outcome.
• Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults.
• Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults.

Diltiazem

• A comparative study on in vitro and in vivo effects of topical vasodilators in human internal mammary, radial artery and great saphenous vein.

Dimethylaminoethanol

• The antiwrinkle effect of topical concentrated 2-dimethylaminoethanol involves a vacuolar cytopathology.
• The role of dimethylaminoethanol in cosmetic dermatology.

Doxepin

• Oral Doxepin Rinse: The Analgesic Effect and Duration of Pain Reduction in Patients with Oral Mucositis Due to Cancer Therapy.

Doxepin HCl

• Topical application of doxepin hydrochloride, capsaicin and a combination of both produces analgesia in chronic human neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Etodolac

• Pharmacokinetic study of etodolac after rectal administration; "in vitro" release kinetics.

Felbamate

• Rectal administration of felbamate in a child with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Fentanyl

• Absorption of fentanyl from fentanyl buccal tablet in cancer patients with or without oral mucositis: a pilot study.
• Bioequivalence following buccal and sublingual placement of fentanyl buccal tablet 400 microg in healthy subjects.
• Does the standard intravenous solution of fentanyl (50 microg/mL) administered intranasally have analgesic efficacy?
• Effect of buccal dwell time on the pharmacokinetic profile of fentanyl buccal tablet.
• Formulation issues associated with transdermal fentanyl delivery.
• Intranasal fentanyl for analgesia in the paediatric emergency department.
• New formulations of fentanyl for acute pain management.
• Pharmacokinetic comparisons of three nasal fentanyl formulations; pectin, chitosan and chitosan-poloxamer 188.
• Pharmacokinetics of intranasal fentanyl spray in patients with cancer and breakthrough pain.

Fluconazole

• A comparative evaluation of combination therapy of fluconazole 1% and urea 40% compared with fluconazole 1% alone in a nail lacquer for treatment of onychomycosis: therapeutic trial.
• A comparative evaluation of combination therapy of fluconazole 1% and urea 40% compared with fluconazole 1% alone in a nail lacquer fortreatment of onychomycosis: therapeutic trial.
• Antifungal activity of ibuprofen alone and in combination with fluconazole against Candida species.
• Chronic fungal vaginitis: the value of cultures.
• Combination of fluconazole and urea in a nail lacquer for treating onychomycosis.
• Comparison of efficacy of fluconazole mouthrinse and clotrimazole mouthpaint in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
• Comparison of efficacy of fluconazole mouthrinse and clotrimazole mouthpaint in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
• Fluconazole nasal spray in the treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis: a pilot study.
• Fluconazole nasal spray in the treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis: a pilot study.
• Medicated Lollipops for the Treatment of Oral Thrush in Children.
• Prevalence of Candida glabrata and its response tboric acid vaginal suppositories in comparison with oral fluconazole in patients with diabetes and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
• The comparison of solitary topical micafungin or fluconazole application in the treatment of Candida fungal keratitis.
• The role of antifungal therapy in the prevention of recurrent allergic fungal rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, controlled study (nasal spray or irrigation).
• The role of antifungal therapy in the prevention of recurrent allergic fungal rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, controlled study.
• Treatment of fungal infections of upper respiratory tract and ear.
• Treatment of onychomycosis: pros and cons of antifungal agents.

Flucytosine

• Treatment of Candida glabrata using topical amphotericin B and flucytosine.
• Treatment of vaginitis caused by Candida glabrata: use of topical boric acid and flucytosine.

Flurbiprofen

• Characterization of the transdermal transport of flurbiprofen and indomethacin.
• Effect of counter-ions and penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of flurbiprofen.
• Effect of olive oil on transdermal penetration of flurbiprofen from topical gel as enhancer.
• Effects of solid carriers on the crystalline properties, dissolution and bioavailability of flurbiprofen in solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (solid SNEDDS).
• Flurbiprofen in gel: study of acceptability, tolerability and evaluation of its allergenic potential.
• Formulation and evaluation of flurbiprofen microemulsion.
• Formulation and evaluation of flurbiprofen microemulsion.
• Improvement in bioavailability of transdermally applied flurbiprofen using tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and turpentine oil.
• In vitro release studies of flurbiprofen from different topical formulations.
• In Vitro/In Vivo Assessment of Flurbiprofen-Matrix Type Transdermal Delivery System.
• Intracrevicular application of 0.3% Flurbiprofen gel and 0.3% Triclosan gel as anti inflammatory agent. A comparative clinical study.
• Lipid nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen: formulation, in vitro, ex vivand in vivstudies.
• Lipid nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies.
• Potential use of nanostructured lipid carriers for topical delivery of flurbiprofen.
• Topical Delivery of Flurbiprofen from Pluronic Lecithin Organogel.

Fluticasone

• A randomized double-blind study to compare the effects of nasal fluticasone and betamethasone on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and bone turnover in patients with nasal polyposis.
• Episodic viral wheeze in preschool children: effect of topical nasal corticosteroid prophylaxis.
• Fluticasone (Flonase).
• Fluticasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
• Fluticasone Propionate.
• Fluticasone topical (Rx).
• Other anti-inflammatory uses of intranasal corticosteroids in upper respiratory inflammatory diseases.
• Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy wholly abated with one week twice daily application of fluticasone propionate lotion: A case report and review of the literature
• Randomized trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in chronic stable pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pilot study.
• The effect of intranasal fluticasone propionate irrigations on salivary cortisol, intraocular pressure, and posterior subcapsular cataracts in postsurgical chronic rhinosinusitis patients.
• The effect of topical fluticasone on nasal nitric oxide levels in a patient with allergic rhinitis.
• The pharmacological basis for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis with topical corticosteroids.

Gabapentin

• A case of rheumatoid arthritis presenting with postherpetic neuralgia and abdominal-wall pseudohernia.
• Adjuvant analgesics.
• Evaluation of gabapentin in the treatment of generalized vulvodynia, unprovoked.
• Extended mesh repair with external oblique muscle reinforcement for abdominal wall contour abnormalities following TRAM flap.
• Recent advances in the pharmacological management of pain.
• Skin involvement in zoster.
• Spermine modulation of specific [3H]-gabapentin binding to the detergent-solubilized porcine cerebral cortex alpha 2 delta calcium channel subunit.
• Topical analgesic combinations for bortezomib neuropathy.
• Topical gabapentin in the treatment of localized and generalized vulvodynia.
• Topical gel for neuropathic pain.

General - Ace Inhibitors

• Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or DuP753 prevent neointimal formation following balloon injury with single topical or multiple systemic application.

General - Antibacterial

• A comparison between spray drying and spray freeze drying for dry powder inhaler formulation of drug-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles.
• Administration of antibiotics via the respiratory tract as monotherapy for pneumonia.
• Aerosol antibiotics: considerations in pharmacological and clinical evaluation.
• Aerosolized antibiotics for treating hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
• Antimicrobial topical agents used in the vagina.
• Challenges with current inhaled treatments for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis.
• Cospray dried antibiotics for dry powder lung delivery.
• Epithelial profiling of antibiotic controlled release respiratory formulations.
• Inhaled antimicrobial therapy: doses, osmolalities and pH.
• Local antibiotic delivery using tailorable chitosan sponges: the future of infection control?
• Microbiological insights into respiratory infections and the opportunities for inhaled therapy.
• Microparticles for inhalational delivery of antipseudomonal antibiotics.
• Nasal irrigation with or without drugs: the evidence.
• Topical antibiotic treatment reduces tympanostomy tube biofilm formation.
• Topical Antimicrobial Therapy for Treating Chronic Wounds.
• Topical therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization: impact on infection risk.
• Using antimicrobial solution for irrigation in appendicitis to lower surgical site infection rates.

General - Delivery Device - Mucosal Atomization Device

• A comparative evaluation of drops versus atomized administration of intranasal ketamine for the procedural sedation of young uncooperative pediatric dental patients: a prospective crossover trial.
• Comparison of the behavioral and cardiovascular effects of intranasal and oral d-amphetamine in healthy human subjects.
• Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam for the home treatment of acute seizures in pediatric patients with epilepsy.
• Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the treatment of pediatric seizures.
• The use of intranasal midazolam in the treatment of paediatric dental patients.
• Topical budesonide via mucosal atomization device in refractory postoperative chronic rhinosinusitis.

General - Delivery Device - NasoNeb Nasal Nebulizer (www.nasoneb.com)

• A pilot study of the effects of intranasal budesonide delivered by NasoNeb® on patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.
• Hypertonic saline is more effective than normal saline in seasonal allergic rhinitis in children.
• NasoNeb Delivery of an Intranasal Steroid.
• Nasoneb: Resources.
• Prospective evaluation of aerosol delivery by a powered nasal nebulizer in the cadaver model.
• Resolution of Nasal Polyps in a 73 year old male with recurrent nasal polyps after 4 weeks of intranasal steroid therapy delivered by NasoNeb® System.

General - Delivery Device - NeilMed (www.neilmed.com)

• Irrigation penetration of nasal delivery systems: a cadaver study.
• Neilmed: Medical Literature.
• Neilmed: Principals of Nasal Irrigation.
• Neilmed: Sinus Anatomy.
• Neilmed: Why Doctors Prefer Neilmed®.

General - Delivery Device - Sinustar (http://www.pari.com/products/sinus.html)

• Assessment of nasal spray deposition pattern in a silicone human nose model using a color-based method.
• Sinustar: Clinical Summaries

General Antihistamine

• Concentrations of tranilast in keloid tissues
• Diphenhydramine and hyaluronic acid derivatives reduce adnexal adhesions and prevent tubal obstructions in rats
• Effect of Mederma on hypertrophic scarring in the rabbit ear model
• Effect of tranilast, an anti-allergic drug, on the human keloid tissues
• Effects of diphenhydramine HCl and methylprednisolone in the prevention of abdominal adhesions
• Factors affecting hypertrophic scar development in median sternotomy incisions for congenital cardiac surgery
• Prevention of postoperative adhesion formation by individual and combined administration of 4 per cent icodextrin and dimetindene maleate
• Reducing post-surgical adhesions utilizing a drug-enhanced device: sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous gel/poly(p-dioxanone) and Tranilast
• Reduction of post-surgical adhesion formation with tranilast
• The antihistamine treatment of keloids
• The comparison of diphenhydramine HCl and Nedocromil sodium in prevention of abdominal postoperative adhesion formation in rat models: an experimental study
• The effect of the anti-allergic agent avil on abnormal scar fibroblasts
• The mechanism involved in the inhibitory action of tranilast on collagen biosynthesis of keloid fibroblasts
• The prevention of postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions by tranilast: N-(3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
• The use of antihistamine to retard the growth of fibroblasts derived from human skin, scar, and keloid
• Therapeutic hotline. Effectiveness of the association of cetirizine and topical steroids in lichen planus pilaris--an open-label clinical trial
• Tranilast inhibits collagen synthesis in normal, scleroderma and keloid fibroblasts at a late passage culture but not at an early passage culture
• Tranilast, a selective inhibitor of collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts
• Tranilast: a pharmaceutical candidate for reduction of adhesions using a novel approach
• Treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars by iontophoretic transdermal delivery of tranilast

General Corticosteroids

• 595nm pulsed dye laser combined with intralesional corticosteroids in hypertrophic symptomatic scars following breast reduction surgery
• A comparative clinical study of the treatment of hypertrophic scars with either intralaesional steroid or silicone gel sheeting
• A comparative study evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of twtopical therapies for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars
• A comparison of intralesional triamcinolone and cryosurgery in the treatment of acne keloids
• A comparison of the combined effect of cryotherapy and corticosteroid injections versus corticosteroids and cryotherapy alone on keloids: a controlled study
• A protocol for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• A review of the biologic effects, clinical efficacy, and safety of silicone elastomer sheeting for hypertrophic and keloid scar treatment and management
• A review of the effectiveness of antimitotic drug injections for hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Acute and chronic animal models for excessive dermal scarring: quantitative studies
• Aetiology and management of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• An open label study of clobetasol propionate 0.05% and betamethasone valerate 0.12% foams in the treatment of mild to moderate acne keloidalis
• An open, randomized, controlled, comparative study of the combined effect of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and onion extract gel and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide alone in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Are there any good treatments for keloid scarring after sternotomy
• Auricular keloids: treatment and results
• Betamethasone cream for the treatment of pre-pubertal labial adhesions
• Betamethasone in the treatment of hypertrophic scars
• Clinical applications of basic research that shows reducing skin tension could prevent and treat abnormal scarring: the importance of fascial/subcutaneous tensile reduction sutures and flap surgery for keloid and hypertrophic scar reconstruction
• Clinico-pathological evaluation of keloids treated with intralesional injections of corticoid
• Combined modalities in the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Combined therapy in the treatment of auricular keloids
• Comparison of intralesional verapamil with intralesional triamcinolone in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Conservative therapy of scars and wrinkles
• Cortisone jet injection as therapy of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Current methods of treatment and prevention of pathologic scars
• Current use of steroids in management of abnormal raised skin scars
• Decreased scar formation with topical corticosteroid treatment
• Dietary compounds inhibit proliferation and contraction of keloid and hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts in vitro: therapeutic implication for excessive scarring
• Dose-dependent effects of short-term methylprednisolone on myocardial infarct extent, scar formation, and ventricular function
• Effect of injection of triamcinolone on type 1 procollagen and fibronectin in scar tissue
• Effects of interferon-alpha2b on keloid treatment with triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection
• Efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone in the treatment of keloids
• Evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of etanercept compared to triamcinolone acetonide for the intralesional treatment of keloids
• Evaluation of the effect of topical steroids on human scar contracture using a nude mouse model
• Experience with difficult keloids
• Facial keloids and their management
• Head and neck keloid: treatment by core excision and delayed intralesional injection of steroid
• Healing of surgical wounds of the skin of rats after topical application of hydrocortisone, prednisolone and triamcinolone in identical concentrations and associated with an antibiotic
• Hypertrophic and keloidal scars: an approach to polytherapy
• Hypertrophic scar in a dog: histological and clinical features
• Hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Hypertrophic scars and keloids: etiology and management
• Intra- and postoperative steroid injections for keloids and hypertrophic scars
• Intralesional 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of keloid scars
• Intralesional triamcinolone alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars
• Keloid pathogenesis and treatment
• Keloids and hypertrophic scars
• Keloids and hypertrophic scars: results with intraoperative and serial postoperative corticosteroid injection therapy
• Laser scar revision: comparison study of 585-nm pulsed dye laser with and without intralesional corticosteroids
• Letter: further options for treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Long-term outcome of intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of keloid scars in Asian patients
• Management of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars
• Medical and surgical management of keloids: a review
• Medical and surgical therapies for keloids.
• Morphological analysis of the connective tissue reaction in linear hypertrophic scars treated with intralesional steroid or silicone-gel sheeting. A light and electron microscopic study
• New combination of triamcinolone, 5-Fluorouracil, and pulsed-dye laser for treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars
• New technique for injecting corticosteroid in keloids scarring
• Nonoperative techniques for scar management and revision
• Perioperative conditions affect long-term hypertrophic scar formation
• Pharmacodynamic effect of a preparation of cartilage on scar formation in normal experimental wounds and in scar formation delayed by cortisone
• Phase 2 cross-over multicenter trial on the efficacy and safety of topical cyanoacrylates compared with topical silicone gel in the prevention of pathologic scars
• Poiseuille's law and large-bore needles: insights intthe delivery of corticosteroid injections in the treatment of keloids
• Pressure-pulsed inhalation corticosteroid therapy in olfactory disorders: how we dit.
• Prevention of earlobe keloid recurrence with postoperative corticosteroid injections versus radiation therapy: a randomized, prospective study and review of the literature
• Prevention of hypertrophic scarring
• Role of liquid nitrogen alone compared with combination of liquid nitrogen and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in treatment of small keloids
• Safety and efficacy of local administration of contractubex to hypertrophic scars in comparison to corticosteroid treatment.
• Scar contractures, hypertrophic scars, and keloids
• Scar tissue
• Scars and keloids
• Silicone fluid and steroids in the prevention of adhesions
• Standard guidelines of care: Keloids and hypertrophic scars
• Successful management of vulvar adhesions with potent topical corticosteroids: a case report
• Successful treatment of earlobe keloids in the pediatric population
• Surgical excision and immediate postoperative radiotherapy versus cryotherapy and intralesional steroids in the management of keloids: a prospective clinical trial
• The action of fluocinolone acetonide upon scar tissue formation
• The combined use of cryosurgery and intralesional injections of suspensions of fluorinated adrenocorticosteroids for reducing keloids and hypertrophic scars
• The cost effectiveness of intralesional steroid therapy for keloids
• The effect of combined steroid and calcium channel blocker injection on human hypertrophic scars in animal model: a new strategy for the treatment of hypertrophic scars
• The effects of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil/triamcinolone on fibrosis/scar tissue formation secondary to subglottic trauma (experimental study)
• The most current algorithms for the treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• The place of intralesional steroid therapy in dermatology
• The role of full-thickness skin grafting and steroid injection in the treatment of auricular keloids
• The treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids
• The treatment of hyposmia with intranasal steroids.
• The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars by corticosteroids
• The use of corticosteroids to treat keloids: a review
• The valve of prednisone in the prevention of scarring after vasovasostomy
• Topical corticosteroids applied with a squirt system are more effective than a nasal spray for steroid-dependent olfactory impairment.
• Topical corticosteroids. Which drug and when
• Treatment methods of keloid and hypertrophic scar formation
• Treatment of cheloids and cheloid scars with intralesional corticoid injections
• Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis with inhaled corticosteroids.
• Treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars
• Treatment of inflamed hypertrophic scars using intralesional 5-FU
• Treatment of keloid scars by combined cryosurgery and intralesional corticosteroids
• Treatment of keloid scars with pulsed dye laser and intralesional steroid
• Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars
• Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Pilot study with intralesional Lipotalon injections
• Treatment of keloids and some skin diseases with topical injections of triamcinolone
• Treatment of keloids by single intraoperative perilesional injection of repository steroid
• Treatment of postdermabrasion facial hypertrophic and keloid scars with intralesional 5-Fluorouracil injections
• Treatment of scars by steroid injections
• Treatment response of keloidal and hypertrophic sternotomy scars: comparison among intralesional corticosteroid, 5-fluorouracil, and 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser treatments
• Use of corticoids in local treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids in children

General Corticosteroids - Stretch Marks

• A case of edematous striae distensae in lupus nephritis
• Aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists modulate elastin and collagen deposition in human skin
• Cosmetic use of skin depigmentation products in Africa
• Effects of mometasone furoate on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro
• Elastotic striae associated with striae distensae after application of very potent topical corticosteroids
• Extensive striae distensae as a result of topical corticosteroid therapy in psoriasis vulgaris
• Treatment outcome using prednisone in corticosteroid-responsive primary nephrotic syndrome in children
• Ulceration of Striae distensae in high-grade glioma patients on concurrent systemic corticosteroid and bevacizumab therapy

General Disease State - Hyposmia

• Decreasing nasal mucus Ca++ improves hyposmia.

General Pain

• A clinical comparison of topical piroxicam and EMLA cream in pain relief and inflammation in laser hair removal.
• A multiple-dose, open-label, safety, compliance, and usage evaluation study of epicutaneously applied Diractin (ketoprofen in Transfersome) in joint/musculoskeletal pain or soft tissue inflammation.
• Analgesic synergy between topical opioids and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the mouse model of thermal pain.
• Dtopical analgesics reduce pain associated with wound dressing changes or debridement of chronic wounds?
• Effective use of topical amitriptyline hydrochloride 2.5% and ketamine hydrochloride 0.5% for analgesia in refractory proctodynia.
• Efficacy and safety of a topical diclofenac solution in the treatment of primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle controlled clinical trial.
• Five compounds for treating diabetes related conditions.
• In vitro and In vivo Percutaneous Absorption of Topical Dosage Forms: Case Studies. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2005.
• Intestinal toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• National Survey: Topical Prescription Creams Reduce Pain in Five of Every Six Chronic Pain Patients, Without Need for Opioids or Other Narcotics – CNBC.
• Predictors of topical anesthetic effectiveness in children.
• Rectal administration of antiepileptic drugs in children.
• Rectal anticonvulsants in pediatric practice.
• Should topical opioid analgesics be regarded as effective and safe when applied to chronic cutaneous lesions?
• Systematic review of the role of alternative application routes for opioid treatment for moderate to severe cancer pain: an EPCRC opioid guidelines project.
• The use of topical opioids to relieve pressure ulcer pain.
• Topical Analgesics: A Review of Reviews and a Bit of Perspective.
• Topical and Peripherally Acting Analgesics.
• Topical anesthetic creams.
• Topical diclofenac and its role in pain and inflammation: an evidence-based review.
• Topical gabapentin in the treatment of localized and generalized vulvodynia.
• Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults.
• Topical NSAIDs for Acute Pain: A Meta-Analysis.
• Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis.
• Topical or oral ibuprofen for chronic knee pain in older people. The TOIB study.
• Topical therapies for osteoarthritis.
• Topical therapy for osteoarthritis: clinical and pharmacologic perspectives.
• Topical treatment of neuropathic pain.
• Topical treatments for pain.
• Transdermal gel in the treatment of postoperative pain.
• Transdermal opioids as front line treatment of moderate tsevere cancer pain: a systemic review.
• Use of topical medication in orofacial neuropathic pain: a retrospective study.

Gentamicin

• Comparison of gentamicin and mupirocin in the prevention of exit-site infection and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis.
• Comparison of gentamicin distribution in the inner ear following administration via the endolymphatic sac or round window.
• Design and evaluation of a bioadhesive patch for topical delivery of gentamicin sulphate.
• Effect of an implantable gentamicin-collagen sponge on sternal wound infections following cardiac surgery: a randomized trial.
• Effect of endosinusal treatment on cellular markers in mild and moderate asthmatics.
• Effect of gentamicin-absorbed collagen in wound healing in pilonidal sinus surgery: a prospective randomized study.
• Effects of topical antimicrobial agents on the human neutrophil respiratory burst.
• Elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from oxygen-exposed, Pseudomonas-infected baboons.
• Gentamicin aerosol therapy in 18 dogs: failure to induce detectable serum concentrations of the drug.
• Gentamicin sulfate, neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate bladder irrigation.
• Gentamicin-collagen sponge for infection prophylaxis in colorectal surgery.
• Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical tr
• Local administration of antibiotics by gentamicin-collagen sponge does not improve wound healing or reduce recurrence rate after pilonidal excision with primary suture: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
• Safety and efficacy of once-daily nasal irrigation for the treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Systemic absorption of topical gentamicin sinus irrigation.

Glycolic acid

• Comparison of topical therapy for striae alba (20% glycolic acid/0.05% tretinoin versus 20% glycolic acid/10% L-ascorbic acid).
• Safety and efficacy of 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in thetreatment of melasma.
• The use of chemical peelings in the treatment of different cutaneous hyperpigmentations.

Glycopyrrolate

• ABHR Gel in the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Hospice Patient.
• Craniofacial hyperhidrosis successfully treated with topical glycopyrrolate.
• Glycopyrrolate 1% Cream.
• The beneficial effect of topical glycopyrrolate in a patient with neuropathic lower extremity pain.

Griseofulvin

• Topical griseofulvin in dermatophytoses.

Haloperidol

• Lorazepam, diphenhydramine, and haloperidol transdermal gel for rescue from chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting: results of twpilot trials.
• Oral combination antiemetics in patients with small cell lung cancer receiving cisplatin or cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin.

Hydromorphone

• A multicenter, open-label, exploratory dose-ranging trial of intranasal hydromorphone for managing acute pain from traumatic injury.
• A multiple-dose phase I study of intranasal hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy volunteers.

Hydroquinone

• A double-blind randomized trial of 5% ascorbic acid vs. 4% hydroquinone in melasma.
• Modern approach to topical treatment of aging skin.
• Safety and efficacy of 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in thetreatment of melasma.

Ibuprofen

• Antifungal activity of ibuprofen alone and in combination with fluconazole against Candida species.
• Development and Evaluation of Ibuprofen Transdermal Gel Formulations.
• Effects of ibuprofen topical gel on muscle soreness.
• Ibuprofen transdermal ethosomal gel: characterization and efficiency in animal models.
• Optimisation of cosolvent concentration for topical drug delivery - II: influence of propylene glycol on ibuprofen permeation.
• Optimisation of cosolvent concentration for topical drug delivery III--influence of lipophilic vehicles on ibuprofen permeation.
• Oral versus topical Ibuprofen for chronic knee pain: a prospective randomized pilot study.
• Quantitative systematic review of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Quantitative systematic review of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• The effect of formulation vehicles on the in vitro percutaneous permeation of ibuprofen.
• Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study.
• Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults.

Imiquimod

• An open, nonrandomized, comparative study of imiquimod 5% cream versus 10% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum.
• An open, randomized, comparative clinical and histological study of imiquimod 5% cream versus 10% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum.

Indomethacin

• Assessment of the percutaneous penetration of indomethacin from soybean oil microemulsion: effects of the HLB value of mixed surfactants.
• Efficacy of a fixed combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine, and caffeine versus sumatriptan in acute treatment of multiple migraine attacks: a multicenter, randomized, crossover trial.
• Microemulsion: a novel transdermal delivery system to facilitate skin penetration of indomethacin.
• Physicochemical performances of indomethacin in cholesteryl cetyl carbonate liquid crystal as a transdermal dosage.

Isoconazole

• Double-blind study with topical Isoconazole and Terbinafine for the treatment of one patient with bilateral Tinea nigra plantaris and suggestions for new differential diagnosis.
• Isoconazole nitrate vs isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate in the treatment of tinea inguinalis: results of a multicenter retrospective study.
• Rapid relief of intertrigo-associated pruritus due to Candida albicans with isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate combination therapy.

Isosorbide Dinitrate

• Improvement of walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication by chronic local therapy with isosorbide dinitrate ointment.
• Isosorbide dinitrate ointment in the long-term treatment of intermittent claudication [article in Italian].

Itraconazole

• Antifungal treatment and chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Fungal nail infections: diagnosis and management.
• Toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients: issues and management.
• Topical antibiotic, antifungal, and antiseptic solutions decrease ciliary activity in nasal respiratory cells.

Ketamine

• A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a topical treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: NCCTG trial N06CA.
• A pilot study examining topical amitriptyline, ketamine, and a combination of both in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
• Effective use of topical amitriptyline hydrochloride 2.5% and ketamine hydrochloride 0.5% for analgesia in refractory proctodynia.
• Ketamine as an analgesic: parenteral, oral, rectal, subcutaneous, transdermal and intranasal administration.
• Ketamine mouthwash for mucositis pain.
• Ketamine: an introduction for the pain and palliative medicine physician.
• Mechanisms and treatment of neuropathic pain.
• Recent advances in postoperative pain management.
• Reduction of allodynia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topical ketamine.
• Topical amitriptyline and ketamine in neuropathic pain syndromes: an open-label study.
• Topical amitriptyline and ketamine in neuropathic pain syndromes: an open-label study.
• Topical amitriptyline combined with ketamine for the treatment of erythromelalgia: a retrospective study of 36 patients at MayClinic.
• Topical amitriptyline-ketamine for the treatment of brachioradial pruritus.
• Topical amitriptyline-ketamine for the treatment of brachioradial pruritus.
• Topical amitriptyline-ketamine for treatment of rectal, genital, and perineal pain and discomfort.
• Topical ketamine and morphine for post-tonsillectomy pain.
• Topical ketamine cream in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind initial study.
• Topical ketamine gel: possible role in treating neuropathic pain.
• Topical ketamine in the treatment of mucositis pain.
• Topical ketamine treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.
• Topical ketamine treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.
• Transdermal ketamine as an adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after abdominal gynecological surgery using lidocaine epidural blockade.
• Transdermal Lidocaine and Ketamine for Neuropathic Pain: A Study of Effectiveness and Tolerability.

Ketonazole

• Fungal nail infections: diagnosis and management.

Ketoprofen

• Addition of UVA-absorber butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane to topical ketoprofen formulation reduces ketoprofen-photoallergic reaction.
• Compounding of a topical drug with prospective natural surfactant-stabilized pharmaceutical bases: Physicochemical and in vitro/in vivo characterization - A ketoprofen case study.
• Effect of oleic acid modified polymeric bilayered nanoparticles on percutaneous delivery of spantide II and ketoprofen.
• Efficacy and safety of ketoprofen patch in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
• Formulation and in vitro evaluation of ketoprofen in palm oil esters nanoemulsion for topical delivery.
• In vitro release and anti-inflammatory activity of topical formulations of ketoprofen.
• Itra-articular absorption and distribution of ketoprofen after topical plaster application and oral intake in 100 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy.
• Ketoprofen 2.5% gel versus placebgel in the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries.
• Ketoprofen absorption by muscle and tendon after topical or oral administration in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
• Ketoprofen gel as an adjunct to physical therapist management of a child with Sever disease.
• Ketoprofen vs etofenamate in a controlled double-blind study: evidence of topical effectiveness in soft tissue rheumatic pain.
• Management of uncomplicated ankle sprains with topical or oral ketoprofen treatment. A registry study.
• New therapeutic approaches for management of sport-induced muscle strains.
• Percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen from different anatomical sites in man.
• Percutaneous treatment of acute soft tissue lesions with naproxen gel and ketoprofen gel.
• Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in rabbit after a single topical application.
• Physical characteristics, pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy of the ketoprofen patch: a new patch formulation.
• Physicochemical studies of binary eutectic of ibuprofen and ketoprofen for enhanced transdermal drug delivery.
• Pre-treatment with Aloe vera juice does not enhance the in vitro permeation of ketoprofen across skin.
• Quantitative systematic review of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Topical ketoprofen patch.
• Topical ketoprofen TDS patch versus diclofenac gel: efficacy and tolerability in benign sport related soft-tissue injuries.
• Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study.
• Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults.
• Topical treatment of soft tissue rheumatism and athletic injuries. Effectiveness and tolerance of a new ketoprofen gel.

Ketorolac

• A novel formulation of ketorolac tromethamine for intranasal administration: preclinical safety evaluation.
• Development and characterization of mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery of ketorolac.
• Intranasal ketorolac: for short-term pain management.
• Ketorolac trometamol topical formulations: release behaviour, physical characterization, skin permeation, efficacy and gastric safety.
• Preparation and characterization of spray-dried mucoadhesive microspheres of ketorolac for nasal administration.
• SPRIX (ketorolac tromethamine) nasal spray: a novel nonopioid alternative for managing moderate to moderately severe dental pain.
• The pharmacokinetics of ketorolac after single postoperative intranasal administration in adolescent patients.

Kojic acid

• Modern approach to topical treatment of aging skin.
• The use of chemical peelings in the treatment of different cutaneous hyperpigmentations.

Lactic acid

• Lactic acid 5 percent mouthwash is an effective mode of therapy in treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcerations.

Lamotrigine

• Off-Label Drug Uses - Lamotrigine: Rectal administration.
• Rectal absorption of lamotrigine compressed tablets.
• Relative bioavailability of lamotrigine chewable dispersible tablets administered rectally.

Levofloxacin

• Diagnosis and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis: second consensus.
• Evidence-based recommendations for antimicrobial nasal washes in chronic rhinosinusitis.
• In vitro pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin and other aerosolized antibiotics under multiple conditions relevant to chronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis.
• Levofloxacin inhalation solution (MP-376) in patients with cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
• Nebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study.
• Topical antibiotic, antifungal, and antiseptic solutions decrease ciliary activity in nasal respiratory cells.

Lidocaine

• 5% lidocaine-medicated plaster vs other relevant interventions and placebfor post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN): a systematic review.
• A comparison of the lidocaine patch 5% vs naproxen 500 mg twice daily for the relief of pain associated with carpal tunnel syndrome: a 6-week, randomized, parallel-group study.
• An alternative lidocaine hydrochloride liposomal gel formulation: preparation, percutaneous permeation, and release kinetics.
• An approach to management of keloids.
• Antihyperalgesic efficacy of 5% lidocaine medicated plaster in capsaicin and sunburn pain models--twrandomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trials in healthy volunteers.
• ArteFill: a permanent skin filler.
• Comparing healthcare costs of Medicaid patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) treated with lidocaine patch 5% versus gabapentin or pregabalin.
• Comparison of a topical mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) versus 1% lidocaine infiltration on wound healing.
• Comparison of cutaneous anesthetic effect of 8% lidocaine spray with lidocaine patch using current perception threshold test.
• Current concepts in the management of keloids.
• Development of lidocaine gels for enhanced local anesthetic action.
• Effect of lidocaine tape on pain during intra-lesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of keloid.
• Efficacy of treatment to relieve mucositis-induced discomfort.
• Fractional lasers in dermatology--current status and recommendations.
• Lidocaine 5% medicated plaster: a review of its use in postherpetic neuralgia.
• Lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine gel versus tetracaine adrenaline cocaine gel for topical anesthesia in linear scalp and facial lacerations in children aged 5 to 17 years.
• Lidocaine eye drops attenuate pain associated with ophthalmic postherpetic neuralgia.
• Lidocaine lollipop as single-agent anesthesia in upper GI endoscopy.
• Lidocaine patches reduce pain in trauma patients with rib fractures.
• Lidocaine-prilocaine cream versus tetracaine gel for procedural pain in children.
• Misoprostol 0.001% and Lidocaine 0.5% Oral Rinse.
• Misoprostol 0.0024% and Lidocaine 1% in Glycerin Mouth Paint.
• Our experiences in chronic benign pain by injecting local anesthetic into scars.
• Pain-free intralesional injection of triamcinolone for the treatment of keloid.
• Post-herpetic neuralgia: 5% lidocaine medicated plaster, pregabalin, or a combination of both? A randomized, open, clinical effectiveness study.
• Quantitative and selective evaluation of differential sensory nerve block after transdermal lidocaine.
• Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using lidocaine patch 5% in traumatic rib fractures.
• Reducing the flavour of oral lidocaine: randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of mint-flavoured mouthwash.
• Remodelling of keloid tissue into normal-looking skin.
• Safety and efficacy of a rapid-acting topical 4% lidocaine gel in a unique drug delivery system.
• Safety of occluded 4% liposomal lidocaine cream.
• Single-layer transdermal film containing lidocaine: modulation of drug release.
• Survey of topical oral solutions for the treatment of chemo-induced oral mucositis.
• Synthetic therapy for keloid in aural region.
• Temporomandibular joint iontophoresis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
• The analgesic effect of a metered-dose 8% lidocaine pump spray in posttraumatic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study.
• Topical gel for neuropathic pain.
• Topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.
• Topical lidocaine gel relieves postherpetic neuralgia.
• Topical lignocaine gel for split-thickness skin graft donor-site pain management.
• Transdermal application of 10% lidocaine-gel for management of pain associated with herpes zoster.
• Transdermal Lidocaine and Ketamine for Neuropathic Pain: A Study of Effectiveness and Tolerability.
• Using lidocaine as an additional topical local anesthetic agent in gynecological procedures.
• Warm steaming enhances the topical anesthetic effect of lidocaine.

Loratadine

• How to Treat Raised Scars Under the Eyelash Line.

Lorazepam

• ABHR Gel in the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Hospice Patient.
• Intranasal delivery of antiepileptic medications for treatment of seizures.
• Lorazepam, diphenhydramine, and haloperidol transdermal gel for rescue from chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting: results of twpilot trials.
• Oral combination antiemetics in patients with small cell lung cancer receiving cisplatin or cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin.

LoxaSperse

• Technical Report: Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing of a Budesonide LoxaSpers Dispersion.
• Technical Report: Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing of a Gentamicin LoxaSperse Dispersion.
• Technical Report: Characterization of the Physical and Microbiological Properties of LoxaSperse
• Technical Report: The Antimicrobial Activity of Itraconazole and LoxaSperse Against Biofilms of C. albicans.

Meloxicam

• Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Meloxicam Gel Prepared by Suspension and Solution Polymerization Using Solubility Parameter as the Basis for Development.
• Formulation of meloxicam gel for topical application: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.
• Meloxicam ?-cyclodextrin transdermal gel: physicochemical characterization and in vitro dissolution and diffusion studies.

Methadone

• Analgesic effects of topical methadone: a report of four cases.
• Evaluation of methadone absorption after topical administration to hospice patients.
• Use of sublingual methadone for treating pain of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.

Methotrexate

• Management of psoriasis vulgaris with methotrexate 0.25% in a hydrophilic gel: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
• Topical 0.25% methotrexate gel in a hydrogel base for palmoplantar psoriasis.
• Topical methotrexate delivered by iontophoresis in the treatment of recalcitrant psoriais--a case report.

Metoclopramide

• ABHR Gel in the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Hospice Patient.
• Intranasal metoclopramide.
• Oral combination antiemetics in patients with small cell lung cancer receiving cisplatin or cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin.
• The effectiveness of combined oral lysine acetylsalicylate and metoclopramide (Migpriv) in the treatment of migraine attacks. Comparison with placeband oral sumatriptan.

Metronidazole

• Clinical evaluation of subgingival application of metronidazole 25%, and adjunctive therapy.
• Effects of topical application of metronidazole-containing mucoadhesive lipogel in periodontal pockets.
• Malignant cutaneous wounds: a management protocol.
• Systemic absorption of metronidazole after application of a metronidazole 25% dental gel.
• Topical metronidazole (10 percent) decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain and improves healing.
• Topical metronidazole can reduce pain after surgery and pain on defecation in postoperative hemorrhoidectomy.
• [Topical treatment of peri-implantitis with metronidazole dental gel 25%. Clinical analysis and microbiological control].

Micafungin

• Initial characterization of micafungin pulmonary delivery via twdifferent nebulizers and multivariate data analysis of aerosol mass distribution profiles.
• Successful topical application of a new antifungal agent, micafungin, in the treatment of refractory fungal corneal ulcers: report of three cases and literature review.
• The comparison of solitary topical micafungin or fluconazole application in the treatment of Candida fungal keratitis.

Miconazole

• Gradient HPLC-DAD stability indicating determination of miconazole nitrate and lidocaine hydrochloride in their combined oral gel dosage form.
• Suction clearance and 2% topical miconazole versus the same combination with acidic drops in the treatment of otomycosis.

Midazolam

• Community use of intranasal midazolam for managing prolonged seizures.
• Intranasal delivery of antiepileptic medications for treatment of seizures.
• Intranasal midazolam therapy for pediatric status epilepticus.

Minocycline

• Topical minocycline for managing symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Misoprostol

• A prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded pilot study of misoprostol rectal suppositories in the prevention of acute and chronic radiation proctitis symptoms in prostate cancer patients.
• Misoprostol 0.001% and Lidocaine 0.5% Oral Rinse.
• Misoprostol 0.0024% and Lidocaine 1% in Glycerin Mouth Paint.
• Misoprostol 0.0027% Mucoadhesive Powder.

Montelukast

• A phase I randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-exploration study of single-dose inhaled montelukast in patients with chronic asthma.
• Inhaled montelukast inhibits cysteinyl-leukotriene-induced bronchoconstriction in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs: the potential as a new asthma medication.
• The efficacy and tolerability of inhaled montelukast plus inhaled mometasone compared with mometasone alone in patients with chronic asthma.

Morphine

• A randomised controlled trial to test the analgesic efficacy of topical morphine on minor superficial and partial thickness burns in accident and emergency departments.
• Analgesic efficacy and safety of morphine-chitosan nasal solution in patients with moderate to severe pain following orthopedic surgery.
• Chronic arthritis pain management with topical morphine: case series.
• Effect of topical morphine (mouthwash) on oral pain due to chemotherapy- and/or radiotherapy-induced mucositis: a randomized double-blinded study.
• Effect of topical morphine for mucositis-associated pain following concomitant chemoradiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma.
• Morphine bioavailability from a topical gel formulation in volunteers.
• Morphine in intrasite gel applied topically to painful ulcers.
• Oral morphine as symptomatic treatment of dyspnoea in patients with advanced cancer.
• Pain-relieving properties of topically applied morphine on arterial leg ulcers: a pilot study.
• Peripheral opioids in inflammatory pain.
• Randomised, double blind, placebcontrolled crossover trial of sustained release morphine for the management of refractory dyspnoea.
• The analgesic efficacy and safety of a novel intranasal morphine formulation (morphine plus chitosan), immediate release oral morphine, intravenous morphine, and placebin a postsurgical dental pain model.
• The bioavailability of morphine applied topically to cutaneous ulcers.

Moxifloxacin

• Efficacy and safety of adjunctive local moxifloxacin delivery in the treatment of periodontitis.
• Efficacy of topically delivered moxifloxacin against wound infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Mupirocin

• Association of high-level mupirocin resistance and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an academic center in the midwestern United States.
• Development of microsponges for topical delivery of mupirocin.
• Efficacy of nasal Staphylococcus aureus eradication by topical nasal mupirocin in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.
• Emerging elevated mupirocin resistance rates among staphylococcal isolates in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2000): correlations of results from disk diffusion, Etest and reference dilution methods.
• In vitro activity of mupirocin on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and its potential implications in chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Microbiological outcomes following mupirocin nasal washes for symptomatic, Staphylococcus aureus-positive chronic rhinosinusitis following endoscopic sinus surgery.
• Nasal lavage with mupirocin for the treatment of surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Nasal lavage with mupirocin for the treatment of surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Reduction in gram-positive pneumonia and antibiotic consumption following the use of a SDD protocol including nasal and oral mupirocin.
• The preventive effects of mupirocin against nasotracheal intubation-related bacterial carriage.
• Topical antibiotics and clinical use.
• Topical mupirocin/sodium hypochlorite reduces peritonitis and exit-site infection rates in children.
• Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with mupirocin irrigations.

N-acetylcysteine

• Topical N-acetylcysteine for lamellar ichthyosis.
• Topical use of N-acetylcysteine for reduction of skin reaction to radiation therapy.

NADH

• Therapeutic effects of oral NADH on the symptoms of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
• Topical application of NADH for the treatment of rosacea and contact dermatitis.

Naloxone

• A randomised controlled trial with prolonged-release oral oxycodone and naloxone to prevent and reverse opioid-induced constipation.
• Low-dose oral naloxone reverses opioid-induced constipation and analgesia.
• Meeting the challenges of opioid-induced constipation in chronic pain management - a novel approach.
• Oral naloxone reverses opioid-associated constipation.

Naltrexone - Low Dose

• A pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
• Early outcomes following low dose naltrexone enhancement of opioid detoxification.
• Fibromyalgia symptoms are reduced by low-dose naltrexone: a pilot study.
• Glioma Patients.
• Impact of low dose naltrexone (LDN) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated HIV+ adults in Mali: A single blind randomized clinical trial.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
• Low-dose naltrexone effects on plasma chemistries and clinical symptoms in autism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
• Low-dose naltrexone for pruritus in systemic sclerosis.
• Low-dose naltrexone for the treatment of fibromyalgia: findings of a small, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover trial assessing daily pain levels.
• Low-dose naltrexone in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
• Low-dose naltrexone suppresses ovarian cancer and exhibits enhanced inhibition in combination with cisplatin.
• Low-dose naltrexone targets the opioid growth factor-opioid growth factor receptor pathway to inhibit cell proliferation: mechanistic evidence from a tissue culture model.
• Low-dose naltrexone therapy improves active Crohn's disease.
• Low-dose naltrexone therapy improves active Crohn's disease.
• Metastatic Melanoma, Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer and Renal Cancer.
• Naltrexone for the management of post-burn pruritus: A preliminary report.
• Pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone and quality of life in multiple sclerosis.
• Prevention and diminished expression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by low dose naltrexone (LDN) or opioid growth factor (OGF) for an extended period: Therapeutic implications for multiple sclerosis.
• Problem drinking and low-dose naltrexone-assisted opioid detoxification.
• Reduced cannabis use after low-dose naltrexone addition to opioid detoxification.
• Revisiting the ALA/N (alpha-lipoic acid/low-dose naltrexone) protocol for people with metastatic and nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer: a report of 3 new cases.
• Safety and tolerability of low-dose naltrexone therapy in children with moderate tsevere Crohn's disease: a pilot study.
• Single cohort study of the effect of low dose naltrexone on the evolution of immunological, virological and clinical state of HIV+ adults in Mali.
• Smoking and Opioid Detoxification: Behavioral Changes and Response to Treatment.
• Successful treatment of refractory aquagenic pruritus with naltrexone.
• The combination very low-dose naltrexone-clonidine in the management of opioid withdrawal.
• The effect of low-dose naltrexone on quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
• The long-term survival of a patient with pancreatic cancer with metastases to the liver after treatment with the intravenous alpha-lipoic acid/low-dose naltrexone protocol.
• The use of naltrexone in the management of severe generalized pruritus in biliary atresia: report of a case.
• Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Using Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN).
• Treatment of pruritus with topically applied opiate receptor antagonist.
• Very low dose naltrexone addition in opioid detoxification: a randomized, controlled trial.

Naproxen

• Evaluation of Glycofurol-Based Gel as a New Vehicle for Topical Application of Naproxen.
• Evaluation of glycofurol-based gel as a new vehicle for topical application of naproxen.
• Evaluation of percutaneous absorption of naproxen from different liposomal formulations.
• Evaluation of skin permeation and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of new naproxen microemulsion formulations.
• Preparation of high solubilizable microemulsion of naproxen and its solubilization mechanism.

Niacinamide

• Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin.
• Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin.

Nicardipine

• Effect of topical vasodilators on gastroepiploic artery graft.

Nicotinamide

• Moisturizing effects of topical nicotinamide on atopic dry skin.
• Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review.
• Topical nicotinamide compared with clindamycin gel in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris.

Nifedipine

• Evaluation of the method for nifedipine administration for a rapid onset of clinical effect: a clinical study in normal volunteers.
• Intranasal delivery of cardiovascular agents: an innovative approach to cardiovascular pharmacotherapy.

Nitroglycerin/Glyceryl Trinitrate

• Nonsurgical treatment of chronic anal fissure: nitroglycerin and dilatation versus nifedipine and botulinum toxin.
• Safety and efficacy of new glyceryl trinitrate suppository formula: first double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
• The management of patients with primary chronic anal fissure: a position paper.

Nystatin

• Survey of topical oral solutions for the treatment of chemo-induced oral mucositis.
• The efficacy of nystatin combined with topical microbial agents in the treatment of burn wound sepsis.

Ofloxacin

• Enhanced bacterial uptake and bactericidal properties of ofloxacin loaded on bioadhesive hydrogels against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Oxcarbazepine

• Relative bioavailability, metabolism and tolerability of rectally administered oxcarbazepine suspension.

Oxycodone

• A randomised controlled trial with prolonged-release oral oxycodone and naloxone to prevent and reverse opioid-induced constipation.

Phenobarbital

• Brain penetration and anticonvulsant efficacy of intranasal phenobarbital in rats.
• Relative bioavailability of rectally administered phenobarbital sodium parenteral solution.
• Transdermal delivery of Phenobarbital: Preformulation studies.

Phenol

• Phenol and menthol in the treatment of chronic skin lesions following mustard gas exposure.

Phenylalanine

• Decreased phenylalanine uptake and turnover in patients with vitiligo.
• Oral and topical L-phenylalanine, clobetasol propionate, and UVA/sunlight--a new study for the treatment of vitiligo.
• Treatment of vitiligwith oral and topical phenylalanine: 6 years of experience.

Phenytoin

• A comparison of topical Phenytoin with Silverex in the treatment of superficial dermal burn wounds.
• A randomized clinical trial comparing hydrocolloid, phenytoin and simple dressings for the treatment of pressure ulcers [ISRCTN33429693].
• Absorption of phenytoin from rectal suppositories formulated with a polyethylene glycol base.
• Absorption of rectally administered phenytoin: a pilot study.
• Assessment of the effect of phenytoin on cutaneous healing from excision of melanocytic nevi on the face and on the back.
• Case report: Topical gel for the treatment of a refractory leg ulcer.
• Effect of topical phenytoin on burn wound healing in rats.
• Efficacy of topical phenytoin on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis; a pilot study.
• Lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, misoprostol 0.0024% and phenytoin 2% topical wound powder.
• Metronidazole 2%, misoprostol 0.0024% and phenytoin 5% topical gel.
• Phenytoin in cutaneous medicine: its uses, mechanisms and side effects.
• Phenytoin in wound healing.
• Phenytoin in wound healing.
• Role of phenytoin in wound healing--a wound pharmacology perspective.
• Role of phenytoin in wound healing--a wound pharmacology perspective.
• Systemic absorption of topical phenytoin sodium.
• The clinical effect of topical phenytoin on wound healing: a systematic review.
• The effect of topical phenytoin on healing in diabetic foot ulcers: a randomized controlled trial.
• The impact of topical phenytoin on recalcitrant neuropathic diabetic foot ulceration.
• The use of topical phenytoin for healing of chronic venous ulcerations.
• Topical diphenylhydantoin sodium can improve healing in a diabetic incisional animal wound model.
• Topical phenytoin for wound healing.
• Topical phenytoin in diabetic foot ulcers.
• Topical phenytoin in diabetic ulcers: a double blind controlled trial.
• Topical phenytoin in the treatment of split-thickness skin autograft donor sites: a comparative study with polyurethane membrane drape and conventional dressing.
• Topical phenytoin in wound healing.
• Topical phenytoin solution for treating pressure ulcers: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
• Topical phenytoin suspension and normal saline in the treatment of leprosy trophic ulcers: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study.
• Topical phenytoin treatment of stage II decubitus ulcers in the elderly.
• Topical phenytoin treatment of stage II decubitus ulcers in the elderly.
• Topical phenytoin versus EUSOL in the treatment of non-malignant chronic leg ulcers.
• Twpercent topical phenytoin sodium solution in treating pyoderma gangrenosum: a cohort study.
• Wound bed preparation with 10-percent phenytoin ointment increases the take of split-thickness skin graft in large diabetic ulcers.
• [The effect of systemic and local irradiation on wound macrophages and the repair promoting action of phenytoin sodium].

Phytonadione

• The effects of topical application of phytonadione, retinol and vitamins C and E on infraorbital dark circles and wrinkles of the lower eyelids.

Pilocarpine

• An investigation into the use of pilocarpine as a sialagogue in patients with radiation induced xerostomia.
• Pilocarpine HCl 2-mg Troches.
• Pilocarpine tablets for the treatment of dry mouth and dry eye symptoms in patients with Sjogren syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, multicenter trial. P92-01 Study Group.
• [Preparation and evaluation of solid dispersions of pilocarpine hydrochloride for alleviation of xerostomia].

Piroxicam

• A clinical comparison of topical piroxicam and EMLA cream for pain relief and inflammation in laser hair removal.
• A clinical evaluation of flurbiprofen LAT and piroxicam gel: a multicentre study in general practice.
• A pilot double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial of topical virgin olive oil versus piroxicam gel in osteoarthritis of the knee.
• Effect of piroxicam gel for pain control and inflammation in Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser hair removal.
• Evaluation of proniosomes as an alternative strategy to optimize piroxicam transdermal delivery.
• In vitro based index of topical anti-inflammatory activity to compare a series of NSAIDs.
• Piroxicam 0.5% topical gel compared to placebin the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries: a double-blind study comparing efficacy and safety.
• Piroxicam gel, compared to EMLA cream is associated with less pain after venous cannulation in volunteers.
• Plasma and cutaneous drug levels after topical application of piroxicam gel: a study in healthy volunteers.
• Promotion of second intention wound healing by emu oil lotion: comparative results with furasin, polysporin, and cortisone.
• Quantitative systematic review of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Suprascapular nerve block or a piroxicam patch for shoulder tip pain after day case laparoscopic surgery.
• Topical absorption of piroxicam from organogels--in vitro and in vivo correlations.
• Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults.
• Transbuccal permeation, anti-inflammatory activity and clinical efficacy of piroxicam formulated in different gels.
• Transdermal delivery of piroxicam using microemulsions.
• Transdermal lontophoresis and skin retention of piroxicam from gels containing piroxicam: hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes.

Polymyxin B

• Salvage treatment of pneumonia and initial treatment of tracheobronchitis caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli with inhaled polymyxin B.

Potassium Hydroxide

• An open, nonrandomized, comparative study of imiquimod 5% cream versus 10% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum.
• An open, randomized, comparative clinical and histological study of imiquimod 5% cream versus 10% potassium hydroxide solution in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum.
• Evaluation of the effectiveness of 5% potassium hydroxide for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum.
• Treatment of molluscum contagiosum with potassium hydroxide: a clinical approach in 35 children.

PracaSil-Plus

• Abstract: Compounding for Complex Patients - Pediatrics.
• Case Study: Ankle Scars (Old & New) PCCA PracaSil-Plus.
• Case Study: Facial Burn & Diaper Rash PCCA PracaSil-Plus Pediatrics.
• Case Study: Facial Scars PCCA PracaSil-Plus.
• Case Study: Snake Burn PCCA PracaSil-Plus Veterinary.
• Technical Report: Efficacy of PracaSil-Plus in Scar Therapy Treatment.

Pramoxine

• A pramoxine-based anti-itch lotion is more effective than a control lotion for the treatment of uremic pruritus in adult hemodialysis patients.

Prednisolone

• Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment for anosmia with nasal and paranasal sinus disease.
• Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment for anosmia with nasal and paranasal sinus disease.
• Local and systemic administration of corticosteroids in the treatment of olfactory loss.
• The effect of nasal packing and prednisolone on mucosal healing and reciliation in a sheep model.
• Topical steroid drops for the treatment of sinus ostia stenosis in the postoperative period.

Prilocaine

• Comparison of a topical mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) versus 1% lidocaine infiltration on wound healing
• Fractional lasers in dermatology--current status and recommendations
• Safe and less painful injection of triamcinolone acetonide into a keloid--a technique
• The influence of a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine on minor surgical procedures: a randomized controlled double-blind trial.

Prochlorperazine

• Efficacy of a fixed combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine, and caffeine versus sumatriptan in acute treatment of multiple migraine attacks: a multicenter, randomized, crossover trial.

Propanolol

• Evaluation of Skin Permeation of ?-Blockers for Topical Drug Delivery.
• Intranasal delivery of cardiovascular agents: an innovative approach to cardiovascular pharmacotherapy.

Propantheline bromide

• Propantheline bromide in the management of hyperhidrosis associated with spinal cord injury.

Pseudocatalase

• In vivo and in vitro evidence for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in the epidermis of patients with vitiligand its successful removal by a UVB-activated pseudocatalase.
• Melanocytes are not absent in lesional skin of long duration vitiligo.
• Successful treatment of oxidative stress in vitiligo.
• Treatment of vitiligwith a topical application of pseudocatalase and calcium in combination with short-term UVB exposure: a case study on 33 patients.

Pyrithione zinc

• Does tachyphylaxis occur in long-term management of scalp seborrheic dermatitis with pyrithione zinc-based treatments?

Quinidine

• Efficacy and safety of dextromethorphan/quinidine at twdosage levels for diabetic neuropathic pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.

Retinoic acid

• Comparison of topical therapy for striae alba (20% glycolic acid/0.05% tretinoin versus 20% glycolic acid/10% L-ascorbic acid).
• Topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) improves early stretch marks.
• Topical tretinoin 0.1% for pregnancy-related abdominal striae: an open-label, multicenter, prospective study.

Retinol

• The effects of topical application of phytonadione, retinol and vitamins C and E on infraorbital dark circles and wrinkles of the lower eyelids.

Salicylic Acid

• Combination urea and salicylic acid ointment nail avulsion in nondystrophic nails: a follow-up observation.
• The EVERT (effective verruca treatments) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of verrucae.
• Topical tacrolimus ointment combined with 6% salicylic acid gel for plaque psoriasis treatment.
• Treatment of verruca plantaris with a combination of topical fluorouracil and salicylic acid.

Scopolamine

• Reduction of salivary flow with transdermal scopolamine: a four-year experience.
• Scopolamine: new preparations. Reference treatment for death rattle.
• The use of transdermal scopolamine to control drooling. A case report.

Secretin

• Secretin: hypothalamic distribution and hypothesized neuroregulatory role in autism.

Short chain fatty acids

• Evaluation of short-chain fatty acid enemas: treatment of radiation proctitis.
• Short chain fatty acids are effective in short-term treatment of chronic radiation proctitis: randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Sildenafil

• Beneficial effect of oral sildenafil therapy on childhood pulmonary arterial hypertension: twelve-month clinical trial of a single-drug, open-label, pilot study.
• Extemporaneous sildenafil citrate oral suspensions for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in children.
• Sublingual sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: faster onset of action with less dose.

Silicone

• A "silicone suture" technique aided tscalp reduction for the treatment of scarring alopecia.
• A comparative clinical study of the treatment of hypertrophic scars with either intralaesional steroid or silicone gel sheeting.
• A comparative study evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of twtopical therapies for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
• A comparison of Sil-K and Epiderm in scar management.
• A controlled clinical trial of topical silicone gel sheeting in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
• A diabetic foot ulcer pilot study: does silicone gel sheeting reduce the incidence of reulceration.
• A prospective randomized clinical trial to investigate the effect of silicone gel sheeting (Cica-Care) on post-traumatic hypertrophic scar among the Chinese population.
• A randomized clinical trial to study the effect of silicone gel dressing and pressure therapy on posttraumatic hypertrophic scars.
• A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective clinical trial of silicone gel in prevention of hypertrophic scar development in median sternotomy wound.
• A review of the biologic effects, clinical efficacy, and safety of silicone elastomer sheeting for hypertrophic and keloid scar treatment and management.
• Acne scars: pathogenesis, classification and treatment.
• Aesthetic effect of silicone gel on surgical scars in Asians.
• An open-label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a silicone gel in the treatment of hypertrophic scars using clinical and ultrasound assessments.
• Are there any good treatments for keloid scarring after sternotomy.
• Audit of reactions to topical silicon used in the management of hypertrophic scars.
• Beneficial effects of silicone cream on grafted skin.
• Biological effects of silicone gel sheeting.
• Case series: evaluation of a liquid silicone gel on scar appearance following excisional surgery--a pilot study.
• Cica-Care gel sheeting in the management of hypertrophic scarring.
• Cimeosil: Does Cimeosil Work.
• Clinical applications of basic research that shows reducing skin tension could prevent and treat abnormal scarring: the importance of fascial/subcutaneous tensile reduction sutures and flap surgery for keloid and hypertrophic scar reconstruction.
• Clinical evaluation of a new self-drying silicone gel in the treatment of scars: a preliminary report.
• Clinical perspective on silicone dressings and wound management.
• Clinical Trials, Papers and Studies Involving the Effectiveness of Silicone Gel in Managing Scars.
• Closed capsulotomy causing fractures of the scar capsule and the silicone bag of a breast implant. Case report.
• Comparison of a silicone gel-filled cushion and silicone gel sheeting for the treatment of hypertrophic or keloid scars.
• Comparison of Effectiveness of Silicone Gel Sheeting With Microporous Paper Tape in the Prevention of Hypertrophic Scarring in a Rabbit Model.
• Comparison of efficacy of silicone gel, silicone gel sheeting, and topical onion extract including heparin and allantoin for the treatment of postburn hypertrophic scars.
• Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis with reticulated scarring in a newborn: an innovative treatment using a silicone dressing.
• Current methods of treatment and prevention of pathologic scars.
• Cytokine mRNA changes during the treatment of hypertrophic scars with silicone and nonsilicone gel dressings.
• Dermatix: Does Dermatix Work
• Dynamics of wound healing after silicone device implantation.
• Effect of four treatment variants on the functional and cosmetic state of mature scars.
• Effectiveness of silastic sheet coverage in the treatment of scar keloid (hypertrophic scar).
• Effectiveness of silicone sheets in the prevention of hypertrophic breast scars.
• Effects of combined intralesional 5-Fluorouracil and topical silicone in prevention of keloids: a double blind randomized clinical trial study.
• Effects of enhanced patient education on compliance with silicone gel sheeting and burn scar outcome: a randomized prospective study.
• Effects of silicone gel on burn scars.
• Efficacy of a polyurethane dressing versus a soft silicone sheet on hypertrophic scars.
• Efficacy of topical cyanoacrylates compared to topical silicone gel in the treatment of hypertrophic scars.
• Elemental composition changes between breast tissue with and without silicone gel sheeting and hypertrophic scar tissue.
• Evaluation of a self-adherent soft silicone dressing for the treatment of hypertrophic postoperative scars.
• Evaluation of silicone-gel sheeting on early wound healing of linear incisions.
• Evolution of silicone therapy and mechanism of action in scar management.
• Experience of silicone gel sheets for patients with keloid scars after median sternotomy.
• Experience with silastic gel sheeting in pediatric scarring.
• Facial keloids. A 15-year experience.
• Flatten that scar.
• Hypertrophic and keloidal scars: an approach to polytherapy.
• Hypertrophic scar model in the rabbit ear: a reproducible model for studying scar tissue behavior with new observations on silicone gel sheeting for scar reduction.
• Hypertrophic scars and keloids: which therapeutic options today.
• Hypertrophic sternal scars: silicone gel sheet versus Kenalog injection treatment.
• Influence of silicone on abnormal scarring.
• International clinical recommendations on scar management.
• International clinical recommendations on scar management.
• JAAD online. Over-the-counter scar products for postsurgical patients: disparities between online advertised benefits and evidence regarding efficacy.
• Kelo-Cote: Does Kelo-Cote Work.
• Keloid and hypertrophic scars.
• Keloid and hypertrophic scars: a review of recent developments in pathogenesis and management.
• Keloids: prevention and management
• Liquid silicone injections to improve scars: is this a solution to the problem.
• Management of chest keloids.
• Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
• Medical and surgical management of keloids: a review.
• Morphological analysis of the connective tissue reaction in linear hypertrophic scars treated with intralesional steroid or silicone-gel sheeting. A light and electron microscopic study.
• New innovations in scar management.
• Non-operative treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids after burns in children.
• Nonoperative techniques for scar management and revision.
• Nonsurgical management of hypertrophic scars: evidence-based therapies, standard practices, and emerging methods.
• Occlusion regulates epidermal cytokine production and inhibits scar formation.
• Phase 2 cross-over multicenter trial on the efficacy and safety of topical cyanoacrylates compared with topical silicone gel in the prevention of pathologic scars.
• Positive response of a recurrent keloid scar to topical methyl aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy.
• Posttraumatic scar revision: a review and case presentation.
• Prefer On: Does Prefer On Work.
• Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of dermatix silicone gel in the reduction of scar elevation and pigmentation.
• Prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids by the prophylactic use of topical silicone gel sheets following a surgical procedure in an office setting.
• Promising results from a pilot study on compression treatment of ear keloids.
• Prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled study to assess the efficacy of the 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser and silicone gel sheeting in hypertrophic scar treatment.
• Re: Effectiveness of silicone sheets in the prevention of hypertrophic breast scars.
• Scar Esthetique: Does Scar Esthetique Work.
• Scar Fade: Does Scar Fade Work.
• Scar tissue.
• Scar Zone: Does Scar Zone Work.
• SCARprin Review.
• Self-adhesive silicone gel sheet: a treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids.
• Sense and nonsense of scar creams and gels.
• Silastic sheet integrated polymethylmetacrylate splint in addition to surgery for commissure contractures complicated with hypertrophic scar.
• Silicone as a therapeutic aid in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
• Silicone cream occlusive dressing--a novel noninvasive regimen in the treatment of keloid.
• Silicone fluid and steroids in the prevention of adhesions.
• Silicone gel appears inexplicably to flatten, lighten hypertrophic scars from burns.
• Silicone gel in scar treatment.
• Silicone gel in the treatment of burn and prevention of hypertrophic scar.
• Silicone gel in the treatment of keloid scars.
• Silicone gel in the treatment of keloids.
• Silicone gel sheet tie-over for skin graft on the eyelid following release of scar contracture.
• Silicone gel sheeting for the management of hypertrophic and keloid scars: the mechanism of its action.
• Silicone gel sheeting for the prevention and management of evolving hypertrophic and keloid scars.
• Silicone gel sheeting in scar therapy.
• Silicone gel sheeting.
• Silicone gel sheets relieve pain and pruritus with clinical improvement of keloid: possible target of mast cells.
• Silicone gel treatment of extensive hypertrophic scarring following toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• Silicone gel: a new treatment for burn scars and contractures.
• Silicone occlusive sheeting vs silicone cushion for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. A prospective-randomized study.
• Silicone occlusive treatment of hypertrophic scar in the rabbit model.
• Silicone Scar Treatment| My Experience with Silicone for Scars.
• Silicone sheet for treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scar: a new proposal for the mechanism of efficacy.
• Silicone sheeting decreases fibroblast activity and downregulates TGFbeta2 in hypertrophic scar model.
• Silicone thermoplastic sheeting for treatment of facial scars: an improved technique.
• Silicone use in keloids.
• Silicone versus nonsilicone gel dressings: a controlled trial.
• Silicone-based scar therapy: a review of the literature.
• Silicones in the rehabilitation of burns: a review and overview.
• Spenc2nd Skin Scar Gel: Does Spenc2nd Skin Scar Gel Work.
• Standard guidelines of care: Keloids and hypertrophic scars.
• Static-electric field induction by a silicone cushion for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars.
• Strategies for prevention of scars: what can we learn from fetal skin.
• Symptomatic keloids in twchildren. Dramatic improvement with silicone cream occlusive dressing.
• Talsyn CI: Does Talsyn CI Work.
• The effect of silicone gel on basic fibroblast growth factor levels in fibroblast cell culture.
• The effect of silicone gel sheets on perfusion of hypertrophic burn scars.
• The effect of sodium-hyaluronate on scar tissue formation under a subconjunctival silicone implant in the rabbit.
• The effects of topically applied silicone gel and its silver derivative on the prevention of hypertrophic scarring in twrabbit ear scarring models.
• The efficacy of magnetic disks for the treatment of earlobe hypertrophic scar.
• The efficacy of topical silicone gel elastomers in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, keloid scars, and post-laser exfoliation erythema.
• The impact of silicone spray on scar formation. A single-center placebo-controlled double-blind trial.
• The role of the epidermis in the control of scarring: evidence for mechanism of action for silicone gel.
• The tensile reduction effects of silicone gel sheeting.
• The use of plastic face mask and silicone gloves and boots as alternative to compression suits for treating hypertrophic scars.
• The use of pressure and silicone in hypertrophic scar management in burns patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
• The use of silicone gel for treating children's burn scars in Saudi Arabia: a case study.
• The use of silicone gel in the treatment of fresh surgical scars: a randomized study.
• The use of silicone gel sheeting in the management of hypertrophic and keloid scars.
• The use of silicone occlusive sheeting (Sil-K) and silicone occlusive gel (Epiderm) in the prevention of hypertrophic scar formation.
• Topical revitalization of body skin.
• Topical scar modification: hype or help.
• Topical silastic gel sheeting for treating and controlling hypertrophic and keloid scars: case study.
• Topical silicone gel for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar.
• Topical silicone gel sheeting in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. A dermatologic experience.
• Topical silicone gel versus placebin promoting the maturation of burn scars: a randomized controlled trial.
• Topical silicone gel: a new treatment for hypertrophic scars.
• Topical treatments for hypertrophic scars.
• Topigel in the treatment of hypertrophic scars after burn injuries.
• Treatment of acne scars with liquid silicone injections: 30-year perspective.
• Treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars with SILASTIC Gel Sheeting.
• Treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids with an LBlaser (532 nm) and silicone gel sheeting.
• Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
• Treatment of painful scars on soles and digits with injections of fluid silicone.
• Treatment of scars and keloids with a cream containing silicone oil.
• Use of a glycerin-based gel sheeting in scar management.
• Use of Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale for evaluation of facial scars treated with self-drying silicone gel.
• Use of silicone gel sheets for prevention of keloid scars after median sternotomy.
• Vitamin E added silicone gel sheets for treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
• Why does topical silicone gel improve hypertrophic scars? A hypothesis.

Silicone - Stretch Marks

• Creams to Remove Stretch Marks.
• Does Mederma Really Work for Stretch Marks.
• How to Eliminate Stretch Marks & Scars.
• How to get Rid of Stretch Marks After Working Out.
• Scars and Stretch Marks.
• Stretch Mark Treatment.
• Topical revitalization of body skin.

Sodium Salicylate

• Treatment of plantar verrucae using 2% sodium salicylate iontophoresis.

Spironolactone

• Comparison of the efficacy of 5% topical spironolactone gel and placebin the treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial.
• Topical spironolactone reduces sebum secretion rates in young adults.

Squaric acid

• Squaric acid immunotherapy for warts in children.

Squaric acid dibutylester

• Contact immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester for the treatment of recalcitrant warts.
• Squaric acid immunotherapy for warts in children.
• Use of squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) for cutaneous warts in children.

Sucralfate

• Natural history of late radiation proctosigmoiditis treated with topical sucralfate suspension.
• Topical sucralfate in the management of peristomal skin disease: an open study.
• Topical use of Sucralfate Cream in second and third degree burns.

Sulfamethoxazole

• Antibacterial treatment of chronic bronchitis (author's transl).
• Medical management of sinusitis: educational goals and management guidelines. The International Conference on sinus Disease.
• Topical provocation of fixed drug eruption due to sulphamethoxazole.

Tacrolimus

• Topical tacrolimus ointment combined with 6% salicylic acid gel for plaque psoriasis treatment.

Tamoxifen

• Topical tamoxifen--a potential therapeutic regime in treating excessive dermal scarring?

Tazarotene

• Palliative treatment of fingernail lichen planus.

Terbinafine

• Efficacy of topical antifungals in the treatment of dermatophytosis: a mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis involving 14 treatments.
• Efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical terbinafine nail solution in patients with mild-to-moderate toenail onychomycosis: results from three randomized studies using double-blind vehicle-controlled and open-label active-controlled designs.
• Fungal nail infections: diagnosis and management.
• Toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients: issues and management.
• Treatment of onychomycosis: pros and cons of antifungal agents.

Tetrahydrofurfuryl

• Treatment of autism spectrum children with thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide: a pilot study.

Theophylline

• An open-label controlled trial of theophylline for treatment of patients with hyposmia.
• Intranasal theophylline treatment of hyposmia and hyogeusia.
• Theophylline induces changes in the electro-olfactogram of the mouse.

Tizanidine

• A combined approach of chemical enhancers and sonophoresis for the transdermal delivery of tizanidine hydrochloride.
• Improved transnasal transport and brain uptake of tizanidine HCl-loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for alleviation of pain.

Tobramycin

• Addition of inhaled tobramycin to ciprofloxacin for acute exacerbations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adult bronchiectasis.
• Aerosol antibiotics in cystic fibrosis.
• Colonization in patients receiving and not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis.
• Dose-dependent effects of topical tobramycin in an animal model of Pseudomonas sinusitis.
• Effects of an LL-37-derived antimicrobial peptide in an animal model of biofilm Pseudomonas sinusitis.
• Epidemiological impact of prolonged systematic use of topical SDD on bacterial colonization of the tracheobronchial tree and antibiotic resistance. A three year study.
• Evaluation of the in vivefficacy of topical tobramycin against Pseudomonas sinonasal biofilms.
• Inhaled tobramycin (TOBI): a review of its use in the management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.
• Inhaled tobramycin in children with acute bacterial rhinopharyngitis.
• Inhaled tobramycin in non-cystic fibrosis patients with bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection with Pseduomonas aeruginosa.
• Outpatient Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bronchial Colonization with Long-term Inhaled Colistin, Tobramycin, or Both in Adults without Cystic Fibrosis.
• Preparation and characterization of spray-dried tobramycin powders containing nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery.
• Pulmonary spray dried powders of tobramycin containing sodium stearate to improve aerosolization efficiency.
• Spray-dried carrier-free dry powder tobramycin formulations with improved dispersion properties.
• The effect of oropharyngeal decontamination using topical nonabsorbable antibiotics on the incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in multiple trauma patients.
• Tobramycin bladder irrigation for treating a urinary tract infection in a critically ill patient.
• Topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonization and infection of lower airways in children.

Topiramate

• Relative bioavailability of topiramate administered rectally.

Tranexamic acid

• Hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid in elective nasal surgery.
• Prevention of postsurgical bleeding in oral surgery using tranexamic acid without dose modification of oral anticoagulants.

Triamcinolone Acetonide

• Formulation and efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide mouthwash for treating oral lichen planus.

Trichloroacetic acid

• The use of chemical peelings in the treatment of different cutaneous hyperpigmentations.

Trimethoprim

• Medical management of sinusitis: educational goals and management guidelines. The International Conference on sinus Disease.
• Methaemoglobinaemia secondary to treatment with trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole associated with inhaled nitric oxide.
• Pulmonary Nocardiosis.
• Use of dapsone in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a foal.

Urea

• A comparative evaluation of combination therapy of fluconazole 1%and urea 40% compared with fluconazole 1% alone in a nail lacquer for treatment of onychomycosis: therapeutic trial.
• Combination of fluconazole and urea in a nail lacquer for treating onychomycosis.
• Combination urea and salicylic acid ointment nail avulsion in nondystrophic nails: a follow-up observation.
• Fungal nail infections: diagnosis and management.
• Nail avulsion: Indications and methods (surgical nail avulsion).
• The use of 40% urea cream in the treatment of moccasin tinea pedis.
• Urea ointment in the nonsurgical avulsion of nail dystrophies--a reappraisal.
• Urea ointment in the nonsurgical avulsion of nail dystrophies--a reappraisal.
• Urea plasters alternative to surgery for nail removal.

Valproic Acid

• Chronopharmacokinetic study of valproic acid in man: comparison of oral and rectal administration.
• Percutaneous absorption of valproic acid and its plasma concentration after application of ointment.

Vancomycin

• Antibiotic therapy of infections of the lower respiratory tract.
• In vitro activity of mupirocin on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and its potential implications in chronic rhinosinusitis.
• The effect of topical vancomycin applied to sternotomy incisions on postoperative serum vancomycin levels.
• The management of acute lower respiratory tract infection.
• Topical antibiotic ointments for staphylococcal nasal carriers: survey of current practices and comparison of bacitracin and vancomycin ointments.

Voriconazole

• Alternaria keratitis: clinical presentation and resolution with topical fluconazole or intrastromal voriconazole and topical caspofungin.
• Characterization and pharmacokinetic analysis of aerosolized aqueous voriconazole solution.
• Inhaled voriconazole for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
• The efficacy of voriconazole in 24 ocular Fusarium infections.
• The efficacy of voriconazole in 24 ocular Fusarium infections.
• The mycotic ulcer treatment trial: a randomized trial comparing natamycin vs voriconazole.
• Topical voriconazole solution for cutaneous aspergillosis in a pediatric patient after bone marrow transplant.

Xylitol

• Tolerability of oral xylitol solution in young children: implications for otitis media prophylaxis.
• Xylitol in preventing acute otitis media.

Zonisamide

• Gentamicin sulfate 0.2%, misoprostol 0.0024% and phenytoin 5% topical gel.
• Utility of a rectal suppository containing the antiepileptic drug zonisamide.